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Anahuac Disturbances
The Anahuac Disturbances were uprisings of settlers in and around Anahuac, Texas in 1832 and 1835 which helped to precipitate the Texas Revolution. This eventually led to the territory's secession from Mexico and the founding of the Republic of Texas. Anahuac was located on the east side of the Trinity River near the north shore of Galveston Bay, which placed it astride the trade route between Mexico and Louisiana, and from there to the rest of the United States. In new attempts to curtail smuggling and enforce customs tariffs from the coastal settlements, Mexico placed a garrison there after 1830. American settlers came into conflict with Mexican military officers, and rose up against them. They increased political activity and residents of numerous communities declared support for the federalists, who were revolting against the central government.
==Background==
After Mexico gained independence from Spain, it legalized immigration from the United States. Empresarios were granted contracts to settle immigrants from the United States and Europe in Mexican Texas. As the number of Americans living in Texas increased, Mexican authorities began to fear the United States would want to annex Texas. On April 6, 1830 the Mexican government passed a series of laws restricting immigration from the United States into Texas. The laws also canceled all unfilled empresario contracts and established customs houses in Texas to enforce the collection of customs duties.〔Henson (1982), pp. 47–8.〕 Mexican military officer Juan Davis Bradburn, formerly an American citizen, was appointed commander of a new customs and garrison post on Galveston Bay.〔Henson (1982), p. 49.〕 In October 1830 Bradburn established a post atop a bluff at the entrance to the Trinity River. The post became known as Anahuac.〔Henson (1982), p. 51.〕
Bradburn was unpopular from the beginning of his tenure. He opposed the efforts of the state land commissioner to grant titles to settlers who lived near Anahuac. The Mexican Constitution of 1824 prohibited immigrants from settling within of the coast, and most of these settlers lived too close to the coast.〔Henson (1982), pp. 58–62.〕 Although the commissioner was finally able to grant the titles, settlers were angry with Bradburn.〔Henson (1982), pp. 63, 65.〕
In January 1832, Bradburn received a letter listing 10 men in his jurisdiction who wanted to separate Texas from Mexico. From that point on, "''Bradburn became increasingly obsessed about the Anglo-Americans and their intentions, believing that every event was part of a conspiracy to detach Texas.''"〔Henson (1982), p. 87.〕 In June 1832, two of Bradburn's soldiers attacked a female settler. Angry settlers tarred and feathered a neighbor who failed to aid her. They demanded that Bradburn turn over the soldiers for a similar punishment.〔Henson (1982), p. 89.〕 After Bradburn refused, local men organized a militia, supposedly to protect the settlement from the Indians.〔The only natives in the area were peaceful. Henson (1982), p. 90.〕 Mexican law forbade residents from creating militias, so Bradburn arrested the ringleader Patrick Jack. After Bradburn received death threats, he released Jack.〔Henson (1982), p. 90.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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